Quantum Condensation, Thermodynamic Limit, and Dimensionality

نویسنده

  • GERHART LÜDERS
چکیده

Q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o f a n i n t e r a c t i n g b o s o n g a s is f o r m u l a t e d w i t h t h e h e l p o f t h e m e t h o d o f t h e q u a s i e x p e c t a t i o n v a l u e 1 . A c o n v e n i e n t v e r s i o n o f t h i s m e t h o d w a s g i v e n r e c e n t l y b y t h e a u t h o r 2 . I t e s s e n t i a l l y l e a d s t o t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f n e w b u i l d i n g b l o c k s i n t o a d i a g r a m a t i c p e r t u r b a t i o n e x p a n s i o n . T h e s e n e w e l e m e n t s d i s a p p e a r a g a i n i f , i n t h e e n d o f t h e c a l c u l a t i o n , t h e q u a s i e x p e c t a t i o n v a l u e i s o b t a i n e d b y a l i m i t i n g p r o c e d u r e . B u t t h e y m a y st i l l l e a v e a t r a c e . T h i s is q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n . I n R e f . 2 i t w a s a l s o s h o w n t h a t q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n i n t h i s s e n s e c a n n o t o c c u r i n a f i n i t e v o l u m e i f p e r i o d i c b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s a r e p o s t u l a t e d . S i n c e s u c h b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s a r e s o m e w h a t u n p h y s i c a l , t h e p r o b l e m is t a k e n u p a g a i n i n t h e p r e s e n t p a p e r f o r m o r e p h y s i c a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s . I n S e c . 1, t h e a u t h o r ' s v e r s i o n o f t h e m e t h o d o f t h e q u a s i e x p e c t a t i o n v a l u e is f o r m u l a t e d i n r e a l s p a c e ( i n s t e a d o f m o m e n t u m s p a c e ) a n d i n t h i s w a y b e c o m e s a p p l i c a b l e t o finite s y s t e m s w i t h p h y s i c a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s . F o r a m o r e d e t a i l l e d p r e s e n t a t i o n t h e r e a d e r is r e f e r r e d t o R e f . 2 . T h e n o n e x i s t e n c e o f q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n i n finite s y s t e m s i s t h e n s h o w n i n S e c t i o n 2 . Q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n i n t h e l i t e ra l s e n s e c a n , t h e r e f o r e , a t m o s t o c c u r i n i n f i n i t e s y s t e m s , i . e . , i n t h e t h e r m o d y n a m i c l i m i t . T h i s r e s u l t is n o t s u r p r i s i n g f r o m a m a t h e m a t i c a l p o i n t o f v i e w s i n c e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f t h e c a n o n i c a l c o m m u t a t i o n r e l a t i o n s , w h i c h a r e n o t e q u i v a l e n t t o t h e F o c k r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , d o n o t e x i s t f o r finite s y s t e m s 3 . Q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n d o e s s t i l l n o t o c c u r i f t h e t h e r m o d y n a m i c l i m i t is m a d e w i t h r e s p e c t t o o n e o r t w o s p a c e d i m e n s i o n s o n l y . T h i s is s h o w n i n S e c t i o n 3 . S i m i l a r r e s u l t s w e r e , f o r s t r i c t l y o n e a n d t w o d i m e n s i o n a l s y s t e m s w i t h n o s p a t i a l e x t e n s i o n i n o t h e r d i m e n s i o n s , o b t a i n e d e a r l i e r b y H O H E N B E R G 4 . T h e p r e s e n t t r e a t m e n t r e s e m b l e s H O H E N BERG's i n s o f a r as a g a i n t h e n o n e x i s t e n c e o f a c e r t a i n m o m e n t u m i n t e g r a l b e c o m e s d e c i s i v e f o r t h e p r o o f . I t is d i f f i c u l t t o s a y w h a t t h e s e r e s u l t s m e a n f r o m a m o r e p h y s i c a l p o i n t o f v i e w . I t s e e m s p o s s i b l e a n d p e r h a p s e v e n l i k e l y t h a t a q u a l i t a t i v e c h a n g e s i m i l a r t o a p h a s e t r a n s i t i o n s t i l l o c c u r s i n t h o s e c a s e s i n w h i c h t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n i n t h e l i t e r a l s e n s e is d i s p r o v e d . T h e a u t h o r h o p e s t o e x t e n d t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s o f t h i s p a p e r t o t h e i n t e r a c t i n g f e r m i o n g a s a t a l a t e r o c c a s i o n .

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تاریخ انتشار 2012